Animals as Symbols of the Human Behaviour

Week 4 Example

Week 4 Example Week 4 – Assignment Example WEEK 4: PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT METHOD School: WEEK 4: PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT METHOD Once businesses introduce new products anddevelopment projects, it is required that they would put in place a number of strategic and dynamic decision making processes that will ensure that their products and projects are up-dates, revised and up to standard with the market in which they find themselves (Cooper, Edgett and Kleinschmidt, 2014). This dynamic decision process engaged by the businesses is what is referred to as portfolio management. With the popularity of portfolio management and its importance to the survival of businesses, there are a number of ways that companies have strategically approached it. From the experience of my country, there are three major methods that are commonly employed when it comes to portfolio management. These three methods are heuristic models, scoring techniques and visual or mapping techniques. Depending on the business orientation of a particular company, there are numerous ways that each of the methods has their own strengths and weaknesses. In a much generalized argument however, Evans (2006) noted that the use of scoring technique is currently one of the most common methods practiced. This paper therefore delves into the outlook of this method, as well as its strengths and weaknesses. The scoring technique of portfolio management has been explained to be a type of method used with the aim of arriving at precise investment needs. This means that the scoring method dwells much on the use of quantitative numeric indexes in arriving at very specific values that represent the current and future state of any investments made by the organization (Faulkner, 2006). According to Bodie, Kane and Marcus (2011), knowing the actual outcomes of new products and project developments is very crucial for the survival of any investment programme. In effect, when using the scoring technique, the focus and attention of portfolio managers is to ensure that particular methodologies are put in place to enhance profitability and assistance in numerous strategic planning (Sushant, 2014). Due to the complex nature of scoring technique, there are several divisional methods that come under it to ensure that different organisations can be selective according to methods that are easier for them to use and those that meet their specific investment needs. This is a very crucial thing because Bodie, Kane and Marcus (2011) warned on the potential failure that can be recorded when the wrong portfolio management method is selected. Under the scoring technique, Sushant (2014) identifies two major methods namely Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) and Weight Product Method. From personal experiences and the experience of the current business environment, there are specific strengths and weaknesses that can be associated with the scoring technique in general. These strengths and weaknesses have been generalised to apply to the two major methods that come under the technique. Writing on the strengths, Evans (2006) noted that scoring technique this method is highly beneficial as it does not rely on depend on the use of certain ratios that are commonly used in traditional ratio analysis. It would be noted that in traditional ratio analysis, there is much speculation, hypothesis drawing and assumptions in the making of investment forecasts and predictions. This is a problem that does not enhance accuracy and precision. Using the scoring technique, this weakness is overcome and thus the benefit of giving highly precise outcomes of portfolio management is guaranteed. What is more, the problem with the need to give each ratio an equal level of importance which causes delay in portfolio management is dealt with when scoring technique is used. This is because scoring technique only requires that each ratio will be weighted according to its ability (Faulkner, 2006). Regardless of the strengths that have been stressed above, there have been a number of criticisms about the weakness of the scoring technique. First and foremost, the need to optimise outcomes when there are mixed project scenarios is difficult. This means that in portfolio management, the scoring method is effective only for specific projects at a time. This situation causes much delay in most of the time because it makes is impossible to undertake combined portfolio management using different variables of studies (Evans, 2006). Meanwhile in portfolio management, efficiency has been noted to be an important tool for ensuring success (Bodie, Kane and Marcus, 2011). What is more, the scoring method has been noted to be highly demanding in terms of its statistical underpinnings. For example according to Sushant (2014), â€Å"It is imperative to have a sufficient large sample, accurate database and consistent long period in order to reveal trends in the company’s behaviour and m easuring its impact.† This means that there is no way accurate can be achieved while approaching the management of portfolio in a way other than statistical accuracy. Meanwhile, in behavioural business theories, there is room for investment trends to be predicted and worked with quantitatively. References Bodie, Z., Kane, A. & Marcus, A.J. (2011) Investments. 9th ed. New York: McGrawHill. Cooper R. G., Edgett S. J. and Kleinschmidt E. J. (2014). Portfolio Management: Fundamental for New Product Success. Product Development Institute Inc.: London. Evans, P. (2006). â€Å"Streamlining formal portfolio management†, Scrip Magazine, Vol. 4 No. 2, pp. 4-33 Faulkner, T. (2006). â€Å"Applying ‘options thinking’ to R&D valuation†, Research-Technology Management, Vol. 24 No. 2, pp. 123-143 Sushant (2014). Scoring Techniques. [Online] Available at portfoliomanagement.in/scoring-techniques.html [April 10, 2014]

Aspect of the year 1968 contributed to it being a unique year in world Essay - 1

Aspect of the year 1968 contributed to it being a unique year in world history - Essay Example To achieve this, the essay shall rely on Mark Kurlansky’s book, â€Å"1968: The Year That Rocked the World,† and Selection from Lady Bird Johnson’s March 31, 1968 diary entry, concerning Johnson’s failure to run for re-election. Kurlansky (2005) argues that his decision had several and far reaching implications on the country and presidency. He was leaving a country that was deeply divided and facing unprecedented crisis both locally and abroad. His decision to give up when the nation needed leadership most surprised many. Kurlansky’s arguments are supported by Abbie Hoffman, who asserts that the decision came at a bad time when America had involved itself deeply in the Vietnam War under Johnson’ leadership, and had already generated a negative public opinion, both locally and globally. Kurlansky quotes Hoffman that â€Å"we were standing still. How could we pull our pants down? America was already naked. What could we disrupt? America was falling apart at the seams,’ (Kurlansky 229). This confirms the surprise of the Americans after the president’s decision. Kurlansky points to the division that had arisen in the country and especially in the Democratic Party because of the Vie tnam War. The president was facing stiff opposition from his own party while, ironically, it was the republicans who supported him on the war. The decision also came at a time when the American citizens and the soldiers at the battle front were becoming demoralized due to the losses they had encountered in Vietnamese battle fronts and the desire by the people to end the war. The president himself had foreseen the effect his resignation would have on the morale of the troops on the battle front. According to Lady Bird Johnson’s March 31, 1968 diary entry, the president had consulted General Westmoreland, who was in command of the troops, in the battle front, and who had assured him that it would have little impact. While dismissing a suggestion from his wife who had talked to

Resistance to Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Resistance to Change - Essay Example The other tactic that can be used to reduce change in an organization is education. In most cases, when there is lack of information about a particular change initiative, people tend to resist it. it is therefore imperative to educate the members involved so that they can share the same understanding with the change agents. There are likely chances that people will understand why change is necessary in the organization if they are educated. For example, people may resist computerisation in their workplace in preference of traditional methods of storing and processing information which are manual in most cases. The main reason for this resistance is that people may lack knowledge about operating computers. Therefore it is important to educate them so that they can also understand the benefits of using computers in the workplace. The other method that can be implemented in order to reduce resistance to change in the organization is negotiation. According to Jackson & Schuler (2000), when a certain group will clearly lose out in a change and that group has considerable power to resist, then it is important to negotiate. Negotiation will create a win-win situation where the groups involved are likely to benefit from the change initiative at the end of the day. For instance, the management may not be able to fire the productive employees in the organization simply because they have resisted change. Instead, the two groups should come to the drawing table and negotiate so that they can map the way forward about how they can tackle the pressing issue together as a group not individuals. Cooptation is the other tactic that can be implemented in order to reduce change when other tactics will not work or are too expensive. Different ideas are taken into consideration so as to enable the members of the organization to agree on one thing that can rescue the company from collapse. This is more of a compromise situation where a

Ethical Considerations in Nursing Education Dissertation

Ethical Considerations in Nursing Education - Dissertation Example More definitions have incorporated aspects such as viewing ethics to be principles that underlie decisions in order to conform to one or another standard of conduct. Looking at the concept of ethics, which also has to do with morality, it becomes clear that it constitutes laws that basically constitute the socially accepted rules of conduct and that have been established in order to protect the larger society (Bosek and Savage, 2007). Laws, at the same time, are rooted in wider values that are held by majority of people in any given society, and they function with intention to create order in activities that humans may be involved in (Bosek and Savage, 2007). As a result, laws largely tend to bring fairness and justice and this has to do with protection of the rights of individuals and society. To be moral or ethical, as individual would be largely acting or behaving in a specific way in order to accomplish particular ethical practices. This is particularly evident given that individ uals, including nurses have different ideas of what they believe is moral, as well as how they interpret what constitutes moral experience. Individuals are not the same, and as a result, they are likely to possess different viewpoints concerning what is moral and what is not, a situation that is further likely to results into conflicting doctrines or theories about how people should live, as well as how everyday moral problems can be resolved. Billington (2003 cited in O’Connor, 2006) developed key aspects, which can be used to describe what constitutes morality and ethical practices. According to the author, morals and ethics exhibit the following characteristics: it is impossible for any one to avoid making moral or ethical decisions since the social... This paper approves that ethical training for majority of nursing students should largely center on establishing the best ways of dealing with how well to avoid egocentrism tendencies that may be the source of conflict in the profession. In most cases, individuals have own or personal belief systems, which they consider appropriate, and sometimes superior as compared to the beliefs of others. This notion, when it becomes past of nursing students, is likely to be the major impediment in conducting or carrying out one’s duty. Due to this, nursing students have to gain and utilize knowledge that expresses explicitly how well they can minimize egocentrism tendencies, hence reduce likelihood of ethical dilemma. This essay makes a conclusion that nursing is a profession that, like other professions, has progressively become a field that considers ethical and legal issues with great seriousness. Nursing involves working with people who, apart from treatment, require care. The care management extended to patients is likely to be a complex process, especially where the issue of decision-making and individual rights are concerned. Apart from this, nursing as a field is viewed as the critical avenue in which treatment, healing, and care of patient is adequately achieved, and it is from this matter that ethical issues and consideration in nursing have progressively become necessary. Ethical training and moral development of nursing students is critical, since it enables the students to prepare adequately for roles of nursing in future endeavors.

The Four Horsemen Of The Apocalypse English Language Essay

The Four Horsemen Of The Apocalypse English Language Essay George Barna, who directed a divorce study, noted that Americans have grown comfortable with divorce as a natural part of life. There no longer seems to be much of a stigma attached to divorce; it is now seen as an unavoidable rite of passage, the researcher indicated. Interviews with young adults suggest that they want their initial marriage to last, but are not particularly optimistic about that possibility. There is also evidence that many young people are moving toward embracing the idea of serial marriage, in which a person gets married two or three times, seeking a different partner for each phase of their adult life. People marry today with an exit strategy in place. Consider the following statistics concerning prenuptial agreements: 73% of divorce attorneys cited an increase in prenuptial agreements during the past five years 52% have noted an increase in women initiating the requests, while 36% of those surveyed cited a rise in pension and retirement benefits being included under prenuptial agreements. People are quickly losing confidence in the marital covenant and making preparation for the failure of the relationship with an exit strategy. Some people have actually considered the same sex as an alternative to heterosexual relationship. But not only are heterosexual relationship complex, people who are choosing the gay and lesbian lifestyles have challenges of their own. Consider the following: Homosexual Relationships Homosexual activists often argue that high divorce rates demonstrate traditional marriages fare no better than same-sex relationships in duration. The research, however, indicates that male homosexual relationships last only a fraction of the length of most marriages. A Canadian study of homosexual men, who had been in committed relationships lasting longer than one year, found that only 25 percent of those interviewed reported being monogamous. In one study of 156 males in homosexual relationships lasting from one to 37 years, only seven couples had a totally exclusive sexual relationship, and these men all had been together for less than five years. In their classic 1978 study, published as Homosexuality: A Study of Diversity Among Men and Women, researchers Bell and Weinberg found that 43% percent of white male homosexuals had sex with 500 or more partners, with 28% percent having one thousand or more sex partners. In 1991, the Journal of Social Service Research published a survey of 1,099 lesbians in which slightly more than half of the lesbians said they had been abused by a female lover/partner. A survey sponsored by the National Institute of Justice found that same-sex couples reported significantly more violence from their partners than did traditional couples. Noted the report, Thirty-nine percent of the same-sex cohabitants reported being raped, physically assaulted, and/or stalked by a marital/cohabitating partner at some time in their lifetimes. Not only are people considering same sex relationships as an alternative to traditional marriages and its problems, they are now entering into test drive marriages. This was traditionally called shacking and was negative, but many today believe that if they can enter into this type of arrangement as a trial, then they can see if they can make it as a couple. Lets consider these statistics: Living Together before Marriage Statistics Statistically speaking, living together is not a trial of marriage, but rather a training for divorce (from Michael McManus, author of the book Marriage Savers). The number of unmarried couples living together soared 12-fold from 430,000 in 1960 to 5.4 million in 2005. More than eight out of ten couples, who live together, will break up either before the wedding or afterwards in divorce. About 45 percent, of those who begin cohabiting, do not marry. Another 5-10 percent continue living together and do not marry. Couples, who do marry after living together, are 50% more likely to divorce than those who did not. Only 12% of couples, who have begun their relationship with cohabitation, end up with a marriage lasting 10 years or more. A Penn State study reports that even a months cohabitation decreases the quality of the couples relationship. The reality is divorce is inevitable if we dont make some drastic changes in how we approach relationships from a healthy perspective! Even after we have experienced what marriage is all about and re-enter into a marital relationship, the statistics get worse. Consider the following research: Divorce Among Adults Who Have Been Married (Base: 3792 adults) Population Segment Have Been Divorced No. of Interviews All adults 33% 3792 Evangelical Christians 26% 339 Non-evangelical born again Christians 33% 1373 Notional Christians 33% 1488 Associated with non-Christian faith 38% 197 Atheist or agnostic 30% 269 All born again Christians 32% 1712 All who were not born again Christians 33% 2080 Protestant 34% 1997 Catholic 28% 875 Upscale 22% 450 Downscale 39% 367 White 32% 2641 African-American 36% 464 Hispanic 31% 458 Asian 20% 128 Conservative 28% 1343 Moderate 33% 1720 Liberal 37% 474 (Source: The Barna Group, Ventura, CA) Reflections on Marriage and Divorce As you can tell, marriage is having a very difficult time, and people are opting out at alarming rates. Forgiveness, humility, conflict resolution, and communication are fundamental factors in making relationships work. The emotions of anger, violence, and fear kill all relationships. However, people are leaning towards the lower level emotions and ultimately divorcing. How is this happening? How is there such a thin line between love and hate? Of course, I could state the obvious that we have discussed in previous chapters from the impact of intoxicating dating to the lack of understanding of gender issues. The attitudinal king in an unhealthy relationship is pride, not humility; thus, forgiveness is impossible. And we cannot forget the absence of a marital skill set for conflict resolution and communication skills. These things are not as apparent and as obvious as they may seem. Divorce takes place over time, and most times unconsciously, and the lack of the above-mentioned factor s simply accent the complexities of one of the most difficult relationships on the planet. The following is some data that provides some additional factors that increase the probabilities of divorce. 6 Factors That Characterize Couples Who Are Prone to Divorce Backgrounds of the two partners are too different. Family of at least one member of the couple has divorce in their history. Couple was acquainted a short period before they were married. Couple has always had opposing views of the roles of men and women in relationships. Family and friends disapprove of the marriage. Couple has no formal membership in a religious group. Exercise: Are you closely familiar with any couples who have divorced recently or who are considering divorce (or if you have considered divorce, use your own relational situation)? If so, which of the above characteristics are present in their relationship? How do you feel their relationship has been adversely affected by these characteristics? How does a couple goes through the process of being in love to being in hate, or strong dislike? This is not a one-day decision, but is the result of a progression of negative behavior and practices over time. According to John Gottman, the four attitudes that most predict the dissolution of a relationship, especially in combination, are criticism, defensiveness, contempt, and stonewalling. Dr. John Gottman, is a psychologist at the University of Washington conducted a study with more than 2,000 married couples over two decades. Prior to this study, the school of behavioral science had a void concerning marriage data. He discovered patterns about how partners relate to each other, which can be used to predict with 94% accuracy which marriages will succeed and which will fail. Gottman refers to these four damaging attitudes as the four horseman of the apocalypse, and states that each horseman paves the way for the next. The four horsemen of the apocalypse are destructive relational conflict patterns. The four stages are listed in order of progression that will work its way up to the apex of marital conflict and divorce. The first horseman is Criticism. You become critical of one another. There is a difference between a criticism and a complaint. A complaint is an expression of dissatisfaction (I feel hurt). A criticism is an attack on the other persons personality, character ,or motivation (You hurt me) with the intent of making someone right or wrong. In this stage of the relationship negative generalizations are made, like You always You neverà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ You are the kind of person whoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Why are you soà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦? The second horseman is Contempt. Disrespect rules. Name-calling begins, and you begin to categorize each other negatively. This is the attack of your spouses sense of self with the intention of causing emotional pain. This stage is marked by derogatory name-calling, like ugly, fat, stupid, etc. Also, it is marked by hostile humor and sarcasm or mockery. Negative body language is common in this stage of conflict. The third horseman is Defensiveness. Every time you talk, you are defensive. Every time something is said, each partner is trying to find the others angle. This stage is marked by seeing yourself as the victim, trying to protect yourself from perceived attacks. This stage is marked by excuses for behavior, claiming that external factors caused you to have to react that way. This stage is a cross-complaining stage, where a partners complaint is met with a complaint of your own while ignoring your partners complaint. Thus conflict is characterized by: disagreeing and then cross-complaining Thats not true, youre the one who; yes-butting, starting off in agreement but then disagreement; repeating yourself without paying attention to what the other person is saying. It is the nadir of a lack of communication. The fourth horseman is Stonewalling. You begin to cast the persons identity and behavior in stone and are unable to see the person outside of this identity. As a result, the person develops a need to enter into autonomy (feels the need to get away and distance him/herself from the relationship), which leads to an unfulfilled marriage, which in turn, leads to divorce. This stage involves withdrawing from the relationship to avoid conflict. Partners may think that they are attempting to be neutral, but stonewalling conveys disapproval and rejection. Stonewalling produces a coldness, distance, disconnection, and smugness. People tend to be callously silent, muttering, changing the subject, and removing themselves physically. Exercise: Describe which horseman has entered the following situation? Comment on this interaction between husband and wife. Adrienne: I need you to understand me. I feel that all we do is argue and fight, and we never work anything out. I love you, and I just want to be happy and to live in peace. Vernell: Understand you? You dont really feel that way! Youre just saying that trying to get some sympathy out of me. You think that using those flowery words is going to get me to change my mind? Theyre not! Adrian: Im not just saying things Im speaking from my heart. I love you and everything about you. You eyes, your mouth, your hairà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Vernell: My hair? Now I know that youre just trying to get something out of me. I cant believe a word that you say! Just come out and say what you want, because I know that you want something! You must go on the attack against these four horsemen before your marriage reaches the point of no return and dies a natural death. Now is the time to access the many tools and methods that you have learned in this book. Ask yourself, Do I really want this marriage? Is it worth fighting for? You must be intentional about taking immediate steps to counter the carnage being wrought by the four horsemen. For example, make specific complaints and requests (when X happened, I felt Y, I want Z) and avoid criticism at all cost. Make a decision to listen generously. Listen for accuracy, for the core emotions your partner is expressing and for what your partner really wants. Listen to the voice behind the words; there lays the sincere truth. In addition, you must heed and practice the following: Validate your partner (let your partner know what makes sense to you about what they are saying; let them know you understand what they are feeling, and what they want; see through their eyes) Shift to appreciation (five positive interactions are necessary to compensate for one negative interaction) Be very intentional about creating good feelings and experiences. Be responsible: What can I learn from this? and What can I do about it? and How do I not allow this to happen again? Rewrite your inner script (notice when you are thinking critical, contemptuous or defensive thoughts; replace thoughts of righteous indignation or innocent victimization with thoughts of appreciation and responsibility that are soothing and validating). Practice getting vulnerable again (allow your partners utterances to be what they really are: just thoughts and puffs of air) and let go of the stories that you are making up. In essence, you must stop interpreting and hearing in offense. Watch all name-calling, use words that edify, not denigrate. If you have found your marriage has allowed the four horsemen to invade it, you must reverse it before they prevail. Start where you are whether it be defensiveness, stonewalling, criticism, or contempt. Begin reversing the horsemen and put them out of the relationship. You can turn it around! Begin by studying the behavior of each stage; since they are progressive stages, start practicing opposite behavior in each stage. Read this segment with your spouse and discuss each stage and the behavior and ask for forgiveness for the improper behavior and asked them to pray with you as you attempt to reverse this behavior. Start creating good feelings and do things that make each other smile.

Beethoven Essay -- Biography

Introduction Like many people of this time period Beethoven was affected by the French Revolution, the enlightenment and romantic periods; in 1789 the French Revolution was raging and people were dying. The French general Napoleon defeated France’s enemies and inspired Beethoven with ideas of freedom and equality. It was because those inspirations that Beethoven was going to dedicated his Third Symphony, Erocia which means heroic to him, that was until Napoleon decided to declared himself emperor, which made him so angry that he viciously scratched out the dedication. (Alvarez 2006-2007) He was also influence by nature and especially the country side. This is evident by his sixth Symphony, Pastoral which means simple country, below are the titles for each movement of this Symphony â€Å"Awakening of Cheerful Feelings upon Arrival in the Country,† â€Å"Scene by the Brook,† Merrymaking of Country Folk,† â€Å"Thunder Storm,† and â€Å"Song of the Shepard’s, Joy and Gratitude after the Storm.† Along with other musical composition Beethoven was a man of head of his time. He was a classicalist but he should have been a romantic. In fact it is because of him that the Romantic period of music was started. Just like Frank Schubert he drew on poets like Goethe and Schiller for his songs. Just the stirring emotions of his compositions gets my vote for being a romantic. Most biographers tend to divide Beethoven life into three stages. I will continue with this practice event though this is just summarized version of events that took placed due Ludwig van Beethoven’s Life. His career is divided into Early, Middle and Late Periods. Early general is thought to be from birth to 1802, the middle from 1803 to 1814, and the late period from 1815... ...Alvarez 2006-2007) There is much debate about what has caused Beethoven’s hearing loss. Since there wasn’t any hearing specialist during that time period the real cause may never be known. I have listed one theory below. Beethoven may well have had the specific form of immunopathic disease known as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, which typically commences in early adult life with a fever accompanied by mental confusion. Typical symptoms are destructive rash ('lupus') and redness ('erythema') of the butterfly area of the face. Any of the immunopathic disorders may occur, notably colitis. The excellent life-mask of 1812 shows an elongated atrophic scar particularly suggestive of Lupus. The portraits clearly show flushing of the cheekbones and nose. Beethoven's high color was frequently commented on and may have aroused suspicions of heavy drinking. (Lane 2005)

A Mir Kiss Essay

1. Evaluate simple and complex concepts of organizational behavior (OB); including the theoretical and practical elements. 2. Identify basic managerial functions, roles, and skills and how they relate to the field of OB, including implications of environmental challenges. 3. Understand the elements of diversity within a global organization and environment. 4. Discuss the foundations of individual behavior through exploration in psychology; including personality, perception, and interpersonal differences. 5. Illustrate understanding of need-based perspectives in motivation including; Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, Alderfer’s ERG theory, and Hertzberg’s dual-structure theory. 6. Illustrate understanding of process-based perspectives in motivation through the equity, expectancy, and reinforcement theories. 7. Explain how job design, work arrangements, and employee participation affect individual performance and job satisfaction. 8. Explain goal setting, performance management, and reward systems as they relate to total quality management efforts. 9. Discuss the nature of stress, managing stress and balancing work-life. 10. Demonstrate the understanding of how individuals make up teams and teams create an organization, and organizational effectiveness is reliant on each level. COURSE CONTENT: Topical areas of study include: Individual behaviors Individual characteristics Group behaviors Personality differences Organizational behaviorsTeam diversity Needs-based motivational modelsOrganizational success Process-based motivational models REQUIRED TEXT & MATERIALS Title: Organizational Behavior Author: Steven McShane and Mary Ann Von Glinow Edition: 2nd edition Publisher: McGraw Hill-Primis ISBN: 978-0-07-338122-0 How to Order Textbook/Materials All books and materials, unless otherwise noted, should be purchased from the Ivy Tech online bookstore. To order the texts required for this class or any other course, go to http[->2]://[->3]www[->4]. [->5]ivytech[->6]. [->7]bkstr[->8]. [->9]com[->10]. Students can order all books and materials for all courses from this site – regardless of whether it is an online or on-campus course. In the future, it is advised that students order textbooks and materials before the start of the semester. Students should use a copy of their course schedule to accurately order books and materials. Schedules can print a copy of their course schedule from Campus Connect at http://cc. ivytech. edu. Students who live in Indiana and surrounding states will normally receive their book order within one day from the time the book is shipped from the warehouse. Paying for overnight shipping on textbook orders from the bookstore is normally not a good use of money as it does not ensure overnight processing of the order – it only ensures that once the book order has been processed, it will be shipped out overnight. Technology Needs & Resources Because this is a web-based course, it is expected that all students who enroll in the course have Internet access and a basic understanding of computer use (e. g. , using e-mail, sending attachments via e-mail, using web browsers, using word processing software such as Microsoft Word). Also, it is expected that all students will regularly check their Ivy Tech e-mail accounts (located in Campus Connect) and/or Blackboard messages as indicated below. Within 48 hours is recommended. This is the PRIMARY method that the college will utilize to contact students. Visit the Distance Learning Web site at: http[->11]://[->12]www[->13]. [->14]ivytech[->15]. [->16]edu[->17]/[->18]distance[->19]/[->20] for more information related to technology requirements for online courses. Check with the nearest campus bookstore for educational pricing if additional software is required for this course. COLLEGE POLICIES Academic Honesty Statement The College is committed to academic integrity in all its practices. The faculty value intellectual integrity and a high standard of academic conduct. Activities that violate academic integrity undermine the quality and diminish the value of educational achievement. Cheating on papers, tests, or other academic works is a violation of College rules. No student shall engage in behavior that, in the judgment of the instructor of the class, may be construed as cheating. This may include, but is not limited to, plagiarism or other forms of academic dishonesty such as the acquisition without permission of tests or other academic materials and/or distribution of these materials and other academic work. This includes students who aid and abet as well as those who attempt such behavior. Copyright Statement Students shall adhere to the laws governing the use of copyrighted materials. They must insure that their activities comply with fair use and in no way infringe on the copyright or other proprietary rights of others and that the materials used and developed at Ivy Tech Community College contain nothing unlawful, unethical, or libelous and do not constitute any violation of any right of privacy. ADA Statement Ivy Tech Community College seeks to provide reasonable accommodations for qualified individuals with documented disabilities. If students need an accommodation because of a documented disability, please contact the Office of Disability Support Services. COURSE POLICIES & PROCEDURES Due Dates & Deadlines The Syllabus and Course Calendar are 2 important tools to help students understand the course, student and instructor expectations, and deadlines. Both documents can be found under the â€Å"Start Here† button in the course within Blackboard. Students are required to submit work on time for a chance to receive credit. Deadlines for each week/assignment are summarized on the course calendar. Students should check the calendar frequently for deadlines and to be aware of what to expect next. Deadlines are subject to change. Students are responsible for timely assignment submission. Should a computer system or network go down, students must still turn in work in a timely manner. Don’t wait until the last minute. Plan ahead by seeking alternative means for submitting work before needed. Local libraries and all Ivy Tech Community College campuses can serve as alternative resources. Contact the closest/most convenient campus or other public lab for schedules and Internet availability. Not having access to the required software on a home or work computer is not a legitimate excuse for turning in homework late. Attendance Policy – Don’t Get Dropped from Class! While it is important to be timely and on-schedule throughout any course, students need to be aware of an important college policy. Ivy Tech performs administrative drops for students who do not â€Å"attend† class early in the semester. Attendance in an online course is determined by whether a student has submitted work or not. Assignments may actually be due on another day (see course calendar), but students need to turn in something worth points before the NSW deadline in order to avoid being dropped for non-attendance. To avoid being dropped for non-attendance, students must submit some assignment from the course calendar no later than 11:59 p. m. Friday, March 22, EST. Am I Required to Come to a Campus for this Class? No, students do not have to come to campus for this course. There are no activities, labs, or assessments that require students to come to campus. Instructional Method This is an online distance-learning course. Each week’s assignments and readings are summarized on the Course Calendar, accessed from the â€Å"Start Here† button in Blackboard. It takes a great deal of discipline, self-motivation and effective time management skills to successfully complete an online course. Many students find it helpful to set aside specific times each week to work on course assignments. Grades All grades will be maintained in Blackboard’s online grade book. Students are responsible to track their progress by referring to the online grade book. Make-Up Policy Late work (tests, case study reviews, discussion board postings, group discussions, marketing project sections, etc. ) will not be accepted, except for the following circumstances. If you have a SERIOUS problem that can be documented/verified and that keeps you from submitting class work on time, please contact your Instructor immediately. The Instructor will determine if the seriousness of your problem warrants an exception to the late assignment rule. Late assignments will be assigned a grade of â€Å"0† unless you have received prior approval from the Instructor. There are no make-ups for any class discussion boards. If you have planned events (vacation, wedding, birth of a child, surgery, etc. ), you can work ahead on assignments with prior approval of the professor. In all cases, communication with the professor in advance is required. You are responsible for timely assignment submission. Should your personal computer system or network go down, you must still turn in your work in a timely manner. Don’t wait until the last minute; plan ahead by seeking alternative means for submitting your work before you need to. Local libraries and all Ivy Tech Community College campuses can serve as alternative resources. Contact your campus or other public lab for schedules and Internet availability. Not having access to the required software on your home or work computer is NOT a legitimate excuse for turning in homework late. Technical problems are NOT an excuse for late or missed assignments or exams. If you experience difficulty with email, posting on the discussion boards, attaching files, finding/submitting assignments, or exam administration on Blackboard, the problem can be readily resolved by contacting your instructor or technical support at Ivy Tech prior to the assignment’s due date. Plan ahead by seeking alternative means for submitting your work before the situation arises. Local libraries and all Ivy Tech Community College campuses can serve as alternative resources. Contact your campus or other public lab for schedules and Internet availability. There will not be any extra credit offered in this course, so it is very important to plan ahead and not miss any assignments. Last Day to Withdraw If a student wishes to withdraw from this course, students are responsible for completing an official withdrawal form with the registrar. The last day to withdraw from this course is April 27, 2013. Right of Revision. The college reserves the right to change any statements, policies or scheduling as necessary. Students will be informed promptly of any and all changes. COURSE COMMUNICATION Instructor Commitment Ivy Tech Community College instructors are committed to responding to students within two business days. If a student sends communication, but does not receive a response, they should double-check that the correct communication method was used and that the correct location is being checked for a reply. Students can contact their local Distance Education Support with questions. NOTE: Messages are very different from Email. Students should carefully review the information below to ensure they are sending and receiving course communication properly. Messages: all students must use the messages function of the course for course-related communications. Using messages, students can send and receive information from within the course. Messages can only be sent and received from within the course in Blackboard. Please check messages frequently. To access messages (send and receive): 1. Log into Blackboard & enter the course. 2. Click on ‘Communication & Tools’, then Messages. 3. There are two folders: Inbox and Sent. The Inbox folder will contain all received messages (so look there for messages from the instructor or other students). The Sent folder will contain sent. 4. At the top left corner, above the folders, is the button to start a Create Message. 5. After clicking on Create Message, clicking on the â€Å"To† button students can select the name of the person to write. Use the right-facing arrow to move the person into the â€Å"recipient† box. 6. Then, type a message and click on the Submit button when ready to send it. ASSIGNMENTS & GRADING. Methods of Evaluation Case Study Assignments (200 points 2 @ 100 points each): Two case study exercises will be required. The case study assignments are designed to introduce, review, and further explore issues in the class. Discussion Boards (250 points 10 @ 25 points each): During the course, an online discussion forum will be developed to further explore topics addressed in the assigned readings.  ·Students will be required to post one response to the instructor posted question. As a student, you will be required to respond to one additional comment to one of your fellow classmates. Responses are required to be grounded in academic material, especially the required readings. Each discussion board session is worth a total of 25 points.  ·Answers are required to be grounded in academic material, especially the required readings. All postings are graded, based on academic merit. Posts that do not refer to the course/lesson material or do not provide academic support will not receive any credit.  ·Discussion Board Rubric and Guidelines are posted under the Resources button. Quizzes (400 points 10 @ 40 points each): Students will be required to complete brief chapter quizzes that are objective in nature. The quizzes are designed to assist students in learning and reviewing chapter objectives. How is my grade calculated? Discussion Boards(8 at 25 points each)|200 (25%)| Case Study Exercises(2 at 100 points each)|200 (25%)| Quizzes(10 at 40 points each) |400 (50%)| TOTAL|800 (100%)| [*NO make-up or extra credit will be available at any time during the course. ] Grades will be calculated as total points earned according to the following scale. It is highly recommend that you monitor your own progress throughout the semester. Grades will be available weekly on Blackboard. Grading Scale  90% – 100%A 80% – 89%B 70% – 79%C 60% – 69%D Below 60%F **Assignment/discussion grades will be posted one week after the due date. ADDITIONAL SUPPORT Optional Campus Support Students are welcome to use the services and equipment available at the most convenient Ivy Tech Campus. Services include academic advising, equipment, libraries, and tutoring. Please locate the most convenient Ivy Tech campus by reviewing the information at http[->21]://[->22]ivytech[->23]. [->24]edu[->25]/[->26]campuses[->27]/[->28]. Library The Ivy Tech Library is available to students on- and off-campus, offering  full text journals, books, and other resources essential for course assignments. The Library can be accessed from the â€Å"Library† tab in Blackboard or from the â€Å"Library† tab in Campus Connect. Click for Help Log into Blackboard at http://online. ivytech. edu and visit the â€Å"Click for Help† tab for information about computer downloads. This tab provides students with important computer information, including security software, viewer software for users without Microsoft products, adobe reader, flash player, java, and more. Disabilities Services  Students with questions or needs for disabilities support services should contact their local Disabilities Support Services director/coordinator. In the future, it is recommended that students contact Disabilities Support Services at least 30 days before the start of the semester. The contact information listed here is for the disabilities support director/coordinator at the instructor’s local campus. For information about disabilities support services at another campus, please visit: http://ivytech. edu/dss/ or Campus Connect (http://cc.  ivytech. edu). Disabilities Support Contact: First Name:Michelle Last Name:Lehman Phone Number:765-269-5421 Email (Ivy Tech Email):mlehman16@ivytech. edu Blackboard IM ID:mlehman16 Office/Campus Location:Ivy Hall Room 1323 Office Hours:Mon- Thurs. 8am-5pm Fri 9am-5pm Course Calendar| |Readings|Assignments/Assessments|Due Date| Week 1: 3/18 – 3/24Session1 and 2|Chapter 1 – Introduction to the Field of Organizational Behavior|- Discussion Board Introduction|Initial Post3/18Responses3/19Quizzes 1 & 2 3/24, 11 pm| |Chapter 2 – Individual. Behavior, Personality and Values|Discussion Board 2 – READ ONLY – Chapter 1 & 2 Quiz|Quizzes 1 & 2 3/24, 11 pm| Week 2:3/25- 3/31Session3 and 4|Chapter 3 -Perception and Learning in Organizations|- Discussion Board 3- Chapter 3 Quiz |Initial Post3/25Responses 3/27 Quiz 3/31, 11 pmCase Study3/31, 11 pm| ||Discussion Board 4 – READ ONLYCase Study #1| Case Study 13/31, 11 pm | Week 3: 4/1 – 4/7Session5 and 6|Chapter 4 – Workplace Emotions, Attitudes and Stress| Discussion Board 5- Chapter 4 Quiz-Chapter 5 Quiz |Initial Post4/01Responses 4/4 Quiz 4 4/7, 11 pmQuiz 5 4/7, 11 pm | |Chapter 5 – Employee Motivation: Foundations and Practices|Discussion Board 6 – READ ONLY- Chapter 5 Quiz|Quiz 5 4/7, 11 pm| Week 4:4/8 – 4/14Session7 and 8|Chapter 6 – Decision Making and Creativity|Discussion Board 7- Chapter 6 Quiz-Chapter 7 Quiz|Initial Post4/8Responses 4/11 Quiz 6 4/14, 11 pmQuiz 7 4/14, 11 pm| |Chapter 7 – Team Dynamics|Discussion Board 8 – READ ONLY|Quiz 7 4/14, 11 pm| Week 5:4/15 – 4/21Session 9 and 10|Chapter 8 – Communicating in Teams and Organizations|- Chapter 8 & 9 QuizDiscussion Board 9|Initial Post4/15Responses 4/19Quiz 8 4/21, 11 pmQuiz 9 4/21, 11 pm| |Chapter 9 – Power and Influence in the Workplace|- Discussion Board 10 – READ ONLY- Chapter 9 Quiz|Quiz 9 4/21, 11 pm| Week 6:4/22 – 4/28Session11 and 12|Chapter 10 – Conflict Management |- Discussion Board 11- Chapter 10 QuizCase Study #2|Initial Post4/22Responses 4/25Quiz 10 4/28, 11 pmCase Study 4/28, 11 pm| ||Discussion Board 12 – READ ONLYCase Study #2||  Week 7:4/29 – 5/05Session13 and 14|Chapter 11 –Leadership in OrganizationalChapter 12 – Organizational Structure |Discussion Board 13Chapter 11 & 12 Quiz|Initial Post4/29Responses 5/02Quizzes 11 and 12 5/05, 11 pm| |Chapter 13 – Organizational Culture|Discussion Board 14 – READ ONLY| Quiz 12 5/05| Week 8:5/06 – 5/10Session15 and 16|Chapter 14- Organizational Change|- Discussion Board 15 – READ ONLY- Discussion Board 16 – Chapter 13& 14 Quiz |Board 16: Initial Post5/06Responses 5/10, 11 pmQuizzes 13 & 14 5/10, 11 pm | Session16||Discussion Board 16|5/10| [->0] – https://online. ivytech. edu/webapps/blackboard/execute/courseMain? course_id=_340751_1 [->1] – mailto:laf-distance-ed@lists. ivytech. edu.

Free Essays on Themes Of Ernest Hemingways Novels

Themes of Ernest Hemingway’s Novels Few people have had the chance to experience what Ernest Hemingway did. His life was far from boring. Ernest Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899, in Oak Park, Illinois, and became one of the twentieth-centuries best writers. During his lifetime, he saw five wars, survived four car accidents and two plane crashes, won the Nobel Prize and a Pulitzer Prize. He was married four times and had three sons. In addition, Hemingway wrote six novels and became a great writer. Many critics have said that, â€Å"Half of the 20th century writers have tried to imitate Hemingway’s style, and the other half have tried not to†(Oliver 141). However, as Hemingway aged he was constantly bothered by mental and physical ailments. He died of self-inflicted gunshot wounds in Ketchum, Idaho, on July 2, 1961. His works, nevertheless, lived on. My purpose in this report is to discuss the major themes of Ernest Hemingway’s novels. The first novel Hemingway wrote was The Sun Also Rises, in 1926. Critics said that the book did well for his first novel, and they described it as, â€Å"A satirical picture of the dissolute life of the Lost Generation in postwar Europe†(Hays 54.) The Sun Also Rises depicts life in Paris in the 1920’s. It especially focuses on expatriates who were unhappy with America after World War I, and left the country to find freedom in Europe. Jake Barnes, the main character, was wounded in war and he is searching for a normal life. I think Hemingway is trying to show that Hemingway himself is having trouble finding a normal life after war. Hemingway relates his own psychological wounds to Jake’s physical wounds. The main theme of this novel is war disrupts life and that time period is a lost generation. The Sun Also Rises is â€Å"Probably Hemingway’s best-known novel, certainly the one on which much of his reputation stands†(Oliver 315.) Ernest Hemingway’s second novel, A Far... Free Essays on Themes Of Ernest Hemingway's Novels Free Essays on Themes Of Ernest Hemingway's Novels Themes of Ernest Hemingway’s Novels Few people have had the chance to experience what Ernest Hemingway did. His life was far from boring. Ernest Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899, in Oak Park, Illinois, and became one of the twentieth-centuries best writers. During his lifetime, he saw five wars, survived four car accidents and two plane crashes, won the Nobel Prize and a Pulitzer Prize. He was married four times and had three sons. In addition, Hemingway wrote six novels and became a great writer. Many critics have said that, â€Å"Half of the 20th century writers have tried to imitate Hemingway’s style, and the other half have tried not to†(Oliver 141). However, as Hemingway aged he was constantly bothered by mental and physical ailments. He died of self-inflicted gunshot wounds in Ketchum, Idaho, on July 2, 1961. His works, nevertheless, lived on. My purpose in this report is to discuss the major themes of Ernest Hemingway’s novels. The first novel Hemingway wrote was The Sun Also Rises, in 1926. Critics said that the book did well for his first novel, and they described it as, â€Å"A satirical picture of the dissolute life of the Lost Generation in postwar Europe†(Hays 54.) The Sun Also Rises depicts life in Paris in the 1920’s. It especially focuses on expatriates who were unhappy with America after World War I, and left the country to find freedom in Europe. Jake Barnes, the main character, was wounded in war and he is searching for a normal life. I think Hemingway is trying to show that Hemingway himself is having trouble finding a normal life after war. Hemingway relates his own psychological wounds to Jake’s physical wounds. The main theme of this novel is war disrupts life and that time period is a lost generation. The Sun Also Rises is â€Å"Probably Hemingway’s best-known novel, certainly the one on which much of his reputation stands†(Oliver 315.) Ernest Hemingway’s second novel, A Far...

Free Essays on The Great Gatsby

The Significance of Dr. T. J. Eckleburg in The Great Gatsby Henry David Thoreau once said, â€Å"Men have become the tools of their tools.† This statement very closely follows the underlying meaning of the Great Gatsby. What Mr. Thoreau is saying in his statement is that men no longer have stability over what they used to control. That idea, is indirectly portrayed throughout the Great Gatsby through the symbolic character of Dr. T. J. Eckleburg. In this paper, I will be analyzing the purpose behind the character of Dr. T. J. Eckleburg and the symbolism behind him. Fitzgerald often uses the word careless in describing the characters and events in the Great Gatsby. There seems to be no fear of consequence or judgment on the part of the characters. This setting begs the question of who is doing the judgment? That is, in part, what the eyes of T.J. Eckleburg are intended to do. The eyes are always mentioned whenever Nick is there. They look over the situation, objectively, but offer a kind of judgment on the characters and their actions. They are placed near Wilson's because that is where some of the most selfish acts take place: Myrtle's death, Tom's affair. All of these crimes go unpunished. So the eyes look on and remind the characters of the guilt that they forget to have for what they have done. The beginning of chapter two dives directly into the symbolism of Dr. T. J. Eckleburg. Fitzgerald describes him as having â€Å"blue and gigantic† eyes, but these features have no face. The symbolism of the color blue in this stanza interprets to mean deeply and profoundly religious. The use of the color blue also gives Dr. Eckleburg the powerful characteristics of a God figure. Dr. Eckleburg having no face and a â€Å"nonexistent nose† relates to the theme of the degeneration of American. Fitzgerald is saying that America is so far lost that even â€Å"God† ... Free Essays on The Great Gatsby Free Essays on The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby portrays 1920’s life. The novel’s author, F. Scott Fitzgerald, describes the lives of the upper-class segment of society, a group of which Fitzgerald possesses first-hand knowledge. Although they lead glamorous and seemingly carefree lifestyles, the characters in the novel possess many glaring moral deficiencies and personal insecurities. They endlessly seek personal advancement and overall happiness by any means necessary, yet in the end, they fall short of true happiness. Throughout the novel, moral decadence, frequent exploitation, and the unobtainable American Dream represent significant themes in understanding various interpretations of The Great Gatsby’s storyline. Throughout the novel, moral decadence is displayed by many members of the wealthy, ruthless upper-class society. For example, blatant adultery takes place throughout the novel. Tom Buchannan and Myrtle Wilson, both of whom have marriages with other people, arrange a meeting together in New York (Fitzgerald 30-31). Both Tom and Myrtle treat their spouses as their inferiors, and neither really respects his or her marriage at all. According to Kate Maurer, Tom openly participates in the affair with Myrtle. His wife Daisy has come to accept it, however (78). Tom clearly does not respect or acknowledge his marriage to Daisy. Later in the novel, Daisy Buchannan admits to Tom that she no longer loves him, and that she now loves Gatsby. Daisy shows a great lack of moral character when she quickly involves herself in an affair with Gatsby. Gatsby’s willingness to go after another man’s wife shows a disregard for the marriage on his part. Marriage stands as one of the oldest, most widely-recognized institutions of society, symbolizing a life-long bond of devotion. When one purposely intrudes on or withdraws from this bond, he or she shows a great deal of disregard, not only for his or her partner, but also for the laws of society and re... Free Essays on The Great Gatsby In 1925, F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote what was considered to be his greatest work. The Great Gatsby is considered to be the â€Å"great American novel† by many because the main character of the story is said to â€Å"embody the innocence of the American dream.† (Shute 3.) The novel ultimately manifests the failure of this American dream, as Gatsby is unsuccessful and his ultimate goal of gaining love becomes unattainable. â€Å"America’s origins are based in the political ideals of freedom and democracy, but Fitzgerald demonstrates how this ideal has failed because it is incompatible with social reality.† (Donaldson) In a way, it seems that American idealism has been trumped by social discrimination. The novel takes place throughout the twenties, when society experienced a corruption of values and a decline in spirituality. Critics say that Fitzgerald tells of this corruption in many of his novels, The Great Gatsby included. In order to show this corru ption, he uses many symbols to support his cause. In the case of Gatsby, he uses light as a symbol to show our society’s â€Å"movement into darkness.† (Sutton 3) Most critics and reviews of the novel agree that the work shows corruption of some sort, whether it be social, moral or ethical. Some even go as far as to say that it shows society’s â€Å"failure of faith in God.† Often in the novel, it seems the socially elite characters often forget about their morals in order to get ahead in life. Fitzgerald does a good job, however, in showing that while forgetting these things leads to material possessions; it more often than not leads to unhappiness and corruption. The Great Gatsby has been an enduring work because the similarity of the characters can easily be compared to the socially elite of today and how things have changed since the 19th century. In order to examine the similarities between the corruption of the Roaring Twenties and the corruption of today, the plot of t... Free Essays on The Great Gatsby To Kill A Mockingbird In the novel â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird† each of the main characters changed quite a bit. Through the experiences each character went through and the natural maturing that occurred in each of them, the characters were altered from the way they were at beginning of the book. The children, Scout and Jem, were the two most dramatically changed characters. However, Scout showed much more change than Jem did because of his mysterious hidden attitude. Scout matured from a helpless and naà ¯ve child into a much more experienced and grown-up young lady. As a growing young girl, Scout was learning and experiencing things just like any other child would though growing up. She got older and was able to understand things a lot better as well as being able to apply lessons she had learned in her everyday life. She began to act slightly more grown up in situations such as Aunt Alexandria’s dinner party. Scout forgot how much she despised her Aunt and how much she disliked dresses and joined the group of women in their conversations. Despite how she didn’t want to â€Å"act more like a lady†, she played along with her Aunt’s â€Å"campaign to teach me (Scout) to be a lady† made an exception to please her Aunt and to create some peace between them. Upon hearing the news of Tom’s death she concludes â€Å"if Aunty could be a lady at a time like this, so could I.† This shows how Scout was beginning to act more ladylike for her Aunt. Another way Scout changed a lot was in the way she treated Boo Radley. At the beginning of the book Jem, Dill, and herself enjoyed playing â€Å"Boo Radley† as a game and tormenting him by trying to have a chance to see him or prove their bravery by touching the house. As time went on, Scout’s fears and apprehensions regarding the Radley place slowly disappeared. She mentions how â€Å"the Radley Place had ceased to terrify me (her)†¦Ã¢â‚¬  As she matures and is more able to take care of herself, sh... Free Essays on The Great Gatsby The Significance of Dr. T. J. Eckleburg in The Great Gatsby Henry David Thoreau once said, â€Å"Men have become the tools of their tools.† This statement very closely follows the underlying meaning of the Great Gatsby. What Mr. Thoreau is saying in his statement is that men no longer have stability over what they used to control. That idea, is indirectly portrayed throughout the Great Gatsby through the symbolic character of Dr. T. J. Eckleburg. In this paper, I will be analyzing the purpose behind the character of Dr. T. J. Eckleburg and the symbolism behind him. Fitzgerald often uses the word careless in describing the characters and events in the Great Gatsby. There seems to be no fear of consequence or judgment on the part of the characters. This setting begs the question of who is doing the judgment? That is, in part, what the eyes of T.J. Eckleburg are intended to do. The eyes are always mentioned whenever Nick is there. They look over the situation, objectively, but offer a kind of judgment on the characters and their actions. They are placed near Wilson's because that is where some of the most selfish acts take place: Myrtle's death, Tom's affair. All of these crimes go unpunished. So the eyes look on and remind the characters of the guilt that they forget to have for what they have done. The beginning of chapter two dives directly into the symbolism of Dr. T. J. Eckleburg. Fitzgerald describes him as having â€Å"blue and gigantic† eyes, but these features have no face. The symbolism of the color blue in this stanza interprets to mean deeply and profoundly religious. The use of the color blue also gives Dr. Eckleburg the powerful characteristics of a God figure. Dr. Eckleburg having no face and a â€Å"nonexistent nose† relates to the theme of the degeneration of American. Fitzgerald is saying that America is so far lost that even â€Å"God† ... Free Essays on The Great Gatsby When posed with the question, â€Å"How does Fitzgerald convey the theme of the American Dream throughout The Great Gatsby?† one might find it difficult to respond to. The definition of the American Dream varies from one person to another. It is safe to say, however, that one of the stereotypical American Dreams is â€Å"a house surrounded by a white picket fence where Dick and Jane play with their dog, Spot.† Most people perceive this setting as the perfect life, because it appears to be flawless no problems and no worries. The upper class would be a part of this â€Å"perfect life† as well. A person in the upper class has wealth, intelligence, and is somewhat superior to the other social classes. That, in itself, seems like the perfect life, in addition to the American Dream. Yet are stereotypes, such as these, as accurate as they appear? Jay Gatsby, the protagonist of The Great Gatsby, seems to represent this American Dream. The reader becomes aware of his wealth and position in the upper class as the novel progresses. One illustration is when Daisy and Gatsby are first reunited. Klipspringer, Gatsby’s piano player, plays a song for Gatsby and Daisy because Gatsby told him to. This gives the reader a sense of Gatsby’s superiority. Another example that displays his wealth is the references to his extravagant wardrobe. Fitzgerald mentions Gatsby wearing a pink suit at one time in The Great Gatsby. Also, Gatsby hires someone to cut his neighbor’s grass, which was another allusion to his wealth. In addition to his upper class lifestyle, he regularly throws social gatherings in his home, which shows how many people he knows. His wealth and social life make his life complete. If someone lived a life similar to Gatsby’s, he or she would be filled with satisfaction. From the perspective of an outsider, it appears as though Gatsby has a life of perfection, yet he is still unsatisfied. His life is like a story wor... Free Essays on The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby Characters in books can reveal the author feeling toward the world. In The Great Gatsby Fitzgerald suggested the moral decline of the period in America history through the interpersonal relationships among his characters. The book indicates the worthlessness of materialism, the futile quest of Myrtle and Gatsby, and how America's moral values had diminished. Despite his newly acquired fortune, Gatsby's monitory means could not afford his only true wish, therefore he cannot buy everything which is important to Daisy. (Fitzgerald, -page 42) What you wish for is not always what you want or not all that glitters is gold. The wild lavishness of Gatsby's parties and the shallowness and purposelessness of the lives of the guests all kills Gatsby on the inside. All Gatsby wants when he chooses to be rich is to get Daisy. Daisy, who is wealthy and beautiful, symbolizes a way of life which is remote from Gatsby's and therefore more attractive because it is out of reach so he changes himself. (Fitzgerald, -page 54) Myrtle and Gatsby both want to be part of the same elite crowd. They play a reflection of each other in the book by wanting the same thing but they have different methods of achieving it. Gatsby wants Daisy, and Myrtle just wants to be higher in society. Gatsby plays the god-like character in this book so his means are good but both him and Myrtle do bad things to get higher in a crowd that will never take them in. To make themselves appear better to the other crowd, they lose some of the moral fiber that was there to begin with. (Fitzgerald, -page 83) Loss of morals in the 1920' in America caused the American dream to vanish. The god-like character of the book was a good person but he did bad things like bootlegging and joining in organized crime. Affairs happened in the elite crowd between Tom and Myrtle. Dishonesty reared its ugly head when Daisy killed Myrtle by running her over then bla... Free Essays on The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby Chapter One: The story starts off with a personal note by the narrator, Nick Carraway. Carraway came from a prominent family from the Midwest, graduated from Yale and fought in the Great War. After the war and a period of restlessness, he decided to go East to learn the bond business. At the book's beginning, Carraway has just arrived in New York, living in West Egg village. He was going to have dinner with Tom Buchanan and his wife Daisy. Tom was an enormously wealthy man and a noted football player at Yale, and Daisy was Carraway's second cousin. Jordan mentions that, since Carraway lives in West Egg, he must know Gatsby. Another woman, Jordan Baker, is also there. She tells Nick that Tom is having an affair with some woman in New York. Tom discusses the book "The Rise of the Colored Empires," which claims that the colored races will submerge the white race eventually. Daisy talks to Carraway alone, and claims that she has become terribly cynical and sophisticated. After visiting with the Buchanans, Carraway goes home to West Egg, where he sees Gatsby come from his mansion alone, looking at the sea. He stretches out his arms toward the water, looking at a faraway green light. Chapter Two: Fitzgerald begins this second chapter with the description of a road running between West Egg and New York City. A large, decaying billboard showing two eyes (advertising an optometrist's practice) overlooks the desolate area. It is here, at a gas station, where Tom Buchanan introduces Nick Carraway to Myrtle Wilson, the woman with whom he is having an affair. Myrtle herself is married to George B. Wilson, an auto mechanic. Tom has Myrtle meet them in the city, where Tom buys her a dog. They go to visit Myrtle's sister and also visit her neighbors, Catherine McKee and her husband, who is an artist. They gossip about Gatsby, and Myrtle discusses her husband, claiming that she was crazy to marry him, and how she met Tom. Later, ... Free Essays on The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald is set in the 1920’s during the Jazz Age. Nick Carraway is a man in his late twenties residing on West Egg island in Long Island, New York living a â€Å"normal† life. That is, until he meets his mysterious neighbor, a wealthy man named Jay Gatsby. He is a man of mystery, living in a mansion that is constantly full of people, music, and fun. Nick’s â€Å"normal† life gets thrown topsy-turvy when he gets involved in the life of this extraordinary millionaire. Marred by jealousy, cheating, and lying, Nick begins to feel the essence of living a glamorous life in the ‘20’s. He showed this when he said, â€Å"Everyone suspects himself of at least one of the cardinal virtues, and this is mine: I am one of the few honest people that I have ever known.† All along, I felt sorry for Nick being dragged into more and more tragedy, but I especially felt bad for him during one instance. His friend Daisy was married to Tom, but Tom was having an affair with Mrs. Wilson and Daisy had a thing for Gatsby. Daisy and Gatsby were driving home from town after an argument amongst the group of friends when they passed the Wilson’s gas station. Mrs. Wilson ran out to Gatsby’s car, because they were driving Tom’s car, and was hit. Mr. Wilson went positively crazy, and Nick felt torn by his mixed feelings towards his supposed friend Gatsby. â€Å"I disliked him so much by this time that I didn’t find it necessary to tell him he was wrong.† Gatsby’s insensitivity brought on by his lifestyle made Nick despise him. This is the part where I think Nick really started opening his eyes to how Gatsby really was. This book really displays how the life of an important person is, especially in that time period. At first, Nick is awed and drawn in by the glamour and prestige, but he eventually figures out for himself how rough it really was. Although this book was set back in the... Free Essays on The Great Gatsby Great? Or Not So Great? In F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby we see the constant battle between morality and secularism, mainly through his use of symbolism. Two main symbols used throughout his work are the eyes of Dr. T. J. Eckleburg and the green light. One must sometimes wonder why people create dreams and images of false hope which almost never come true. But it’s no surprise why the people of the Valley of Ashes disillusion themselves in this gloomy town. The narrator, Nick, first introduces the Eyes of Dr. T. J. Eckleburg in the beginning of chapter two. At this point in the novel the eyes don’t seem to represent anything of importance to him. At first sight, all he sees are, â€Å"A pair of enormous yellow spectacles which pass over a nonexistent nose†. (pg 27) After Nick’s description of the billboard, he doesn’t discuss it any further, thus implying that he only saw it as an object and really didn’t put much though into it. However, in chapter seven, Nick has a different outlook on the eyes. He states that, â€Å"The eyes were regarding us with a peculiar intensity†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg 131) For the first time, Nick feels like the eyes are overseeing everything that is happening . This can be due to the fact that he is witnessing Tom’s wife and mistress being at the same location, at the same time. This allows nick to realize the unmoral behavior surrounding him. The third and final time the eyes are seen in this novel is in chapter eight. This is the point in the novel when George mourns the loss of his wife Myrtle. While his neighbor, Michaelis tries to consol him,George turns to the billboard and says, â€Å"God sees everything†. (Pg167) George believed the eyes were the eyes of God, while Michaelis assured him that it was, â€Å"only an advertisement!† (Pg167) Obviously to Wilson, the eyes had a deeper meaning, while to Michaelis it meant nothing. During the 1920’s, society was breaking away... Free Essays on The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby I. Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald, born in St. Paul, Minnesota, grew up in an upper-middle class family where he enjoyed the traditions of the upper classes, but not the financial ability to uphold those practices. Fitzgerald acquired his fame, almost overnight, with the publication of his first book, This Side of Paradise, in 1920. His extensive career began with the writing of stories for mass-circulation magazines, such as The Saturday Evening Post. That same year, he married Zelda Sayre, who later became one his major influences on his writing, along with literature, Princeton, and alcohol. In the summer of 1924, Fitzgerald wrote The Great Gatsby, a novel about the American dream. This novel was written in Fitzgerald’s own time. The reader is able to see his insight and artistic integrity in the way that which the novel is composed. He brings forth the values that he embraced at least partially in his own life, such as materialism and the magic of wealth, wh ich are clearly placed in the characters of The Great Gatsby. The novel is almost a paradox of his own biography: a unique materialism in which men attempt to create happiness from material achievement. The novel received the most striking critical appraisal, just as predicted by Fitzgerald. This honorary event marked the climax of his fame, however, his reputation faded from then on. With the illness of his wife, he reflected his experiences in his further work, such as Tender Is the Night. Some other examples of his work include The Beautiful and Damned and The Love of the Last Tycoon. At the age of forty-four, Fitzgerald dies of a heart attack. Since his death, critics have come to see his work as a reflection of the American culture and of â€Å"The Twenties†, a noteworthy representation of his people that is saturated with meaning today. II. The story of Gatsby takes place in the 1920’s, a time that began with the closing of the bloodiest conflict the world... Free Essays on The Great Gatsby Color symbolism is really popular in novels written during the 1920's. One such example is Scott Fitzgerald's novel The Great Gatsby. There is much color symbolism in this novel, but there are two main colors that stand out more than the others. The colors green and white influence the story greatly. Green shows many thoughts, ideas, attitudes, and choices that Gatsby has throughout the story. White represents the stereotypical faà §ade that every character is hiding behind. The green light is the vision of his goal: to have Daisy. In a world where Gatsby could essentially obtain anything with his money, Daisy presented a challenge to him, because even she could not be purchased. But when, at last, Gatsby believes that Daisy is his, he no longer idolizes her. Now that he realizes he has her, she is no longer desirable. We come to this presumption when Gatsby states, " Compared to the great distance that had separated him from Daisy (the green light) had seemed very near to her, almost touching her. It had seemed as close as a star to the moon. Now it was again a green light on a dock. His count of enchanted objects had diminished by one." Therefore the green light has no more symbolic meaning to him, and neither does Daisy. I don't believe that in our world today that we have an object that universally symbolizes the same meaning as the green light did. The green light was physically close to him but he thought he could never actually have it, "it" meaning Daisy. Money could be viewed in the same sense. In our society money is everywhere, but for most of us it is difficult to acquire all that is wanted. It is like the saying, "So close but yet so far away." There is money everywhere we go, but it's hard to get it. We can't just rob a bank, we have to earn our own assets. And in the same context, Gatsby could not go kidnap Daisy, he had to woo her and win her love. The color green, as it is used in the... Free Essays on The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby (chpt.5) The Great Gatsby, a novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald is a novel about the American Dream, and the different effects it has on people in the 1920’s. For Jay Gatsby, the protagonist in the novel, his dream is to find his true love, Daisy, through wealth and power. Through their appearance there remains an empty space that only love can seal. As dazzling and attractive Gatsby and Daisy may seem, beyond their clothes and wealth lies an unexplainable feeling of love and remembrance. In the passage selected, Gatsby and Daisy encounter a whole new meaning to clothes. Which consumes them into a time they have once lost. In this chapter the reunion between Gatsby and Daisy arouses uncomfortable emotions between them both. This is the first time we see them together. We can see how their characters start adjusting to an odd situation. There is a mutual anxiety between the two. When Daisy catches sight of Gatsby for the first time in years, her reactions are somewhat awkward. Her gestures are those of excitement, yet of fear. Daisy was surprised, as well as, excited to have been, once again, in the eyes of Gatsby. I believe she was afraid of what might come after this encounter. On the other hand, she seems delighted of what will occur between her and Gatsby. As Gatsby is near Daisy, his movements are jittery and uncontrollably incapable of calming his emotions. His character drastically changes from a captivating man with swift moves to a child suffering an anxiety attack. He knocks down a clock and luckily grasps it before it hitting the ground. As he puts the clock in place, he apologizes t! o Daisy. Once Nick leaves, they start to fall in love again. Gatsby begins to feel at ease with Daisy’s presence. He invites her, along with Nick up to his room. As he recollects himself from his emotions, he opens his closet towards Nick and Daisy. They seemed to be surprised over the quantity of clothes he had stacke... Free Essays on The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby, a novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is about the corruption of the American Dream and the downfall of those who attempt to attain its illusionary goals. As the novel shows, the 20th century is a moral wasteland and a corruption of the original idealistic American Dream of the past. This is done through Fitzgerald’s Fitzgerald's moral wasteland is shown physically in the "valley of ashes" scene of the novel. The imagistic style creates a depressing view of life in this 'dismal' and 'desolate' wasteland existing side-by-side with the white and unreal dream of Daisy and her world. Even the colors of this landscape have correlations to Daisy: the "yellow" of Dr. T.J. Eckleburg's spectacles and the brick of the houses on the street is a color of decay, but also of riches like sunlight and gold. Also, the ashes in the valley form figures (to Nick) which disintegrate at the slightest puff of wind. Gatsby is incapable of recognizing the "ashes" of what Daisy represents and takes her emptiness for substance. As Nick tries to wrestle with the meanings behind the events he has witnessed the style becomes dense, intellectual, and almost deliberately difficult. Through this he sees the moral desolation of the Buchanans' world, but Gatsby cannot and tries to find in this world a dream worth holding on! to. As shown in Gatsby's parties, nothing is linked to reality; there is laughter without amusement, 'enthusiasm' between strangers, "friends" without friendship, and life without meaning. Gatsby's dream is that through wealth and power, one can acquire happiness (Daisy). Throughout the novel we see that Gatsby cannot see that the past is over and done with and he therefore can have no chance with Daisy. He is sure that he can capture his dream with wealth and influence. Nick attempts to show Gatsby the absurdity of his dream and tells him that he cannot relive the past, but Gatsby confidently replies, "Yes you can, old sport." The... Free Essays on The Great Gatsby Llamas – By Sam Llamas are the ancestors of great war beasts known as the Mastodons. Evolving to the peak of their existence they became great grazing mammals and conquered rough paddocks on mountainous hillsides around the world. Armed with their advanced spitting capabilities they defend their territory with an aggressive suppressed rage that makes them dangerously unpredictable. I suspect in the next millenium that evolution will take over and they will become super beasts and become the next rulers of the jungles in South America. Ancient Indian History suggests that in prehistoric times there lived several carnivorous giant llamas that were named the tyrannollamas. These giant cousins of the llamas were about 8 metres long and 10 metres high from foot to head. It was said that they could bend down and pick up large saber tooth tigers and swallow them with a single bite. Their distant cousins the Giant Camel Squad often came to town and took their sleeping bags resulting in large fights and cons equently the end of all the dinosaurs. After the great wars between the camels and llamas casualties became apparent. Great Aunty Maureen of the Tyrannollamas was lost and so was her son Lameface. Soon after, Mother Nature became very angry and struck them all dead instantly and the men in black came out of their black cars and memory flashed everyone at the time who was watching. Evidence was destroyed and all records lost. I however, found this information when I bought Will Smith. He currently resides in a cell in Mount Albert Prison where no one will ever find him to make another bad movie again.... Free Essays on The Great Gatsby Does Fitzgerald portray Gatsby as the one who is ‘Great’ or is Nick Carraway the true hero of the novel? Nick Carraway provides the eyes and ears with which Fitzgerald shows us a period ‘described as a corrupt, amoral and violent time, in which loneliness, frustration and lost spiritual values are typical.’ Within this bleakness Fitzgerald has chosen to write about Jay Gatsby, a man who symbolizes the American Dream, who has ‘an extraordinary gift for hope, a romantic readiness such as I (Nick) have never found in any other person.’ Nick lives in this bleakness too but Fitzgerald brings him in closer to it, all the while showing us a hero of the time. Despite the flaws shown, I believe Fitzgerald still wants us to view Gatsby as a hero. Nick aspires to be a hero but he cannot due to the reality of his character and despite his admiration for the finer qualities in man, he lacks the fervor to obtain these himself. One critic claimed: â€Å" Without the gloss given to him the story of Gatsby is merely that of a bootlegger killed by a garage owner.† This is true. Gatsby is a bootlegger, a mysterious figure and newly rich. His fortune unlike that of the Buchanans, did not come from family, he wasn’t born into it. It came from criminal dealings, the full details of which are kept hidden from us, the readers. The first time Gatsby is met in person he has to excuse himself ‘almost at that moment’ due to the ‘phone call’ from Chicago. Meyer Wolfsheim ‘the man who fixed the Worlds Series back in 1919’ is the next clue to the life of Gatsby and the ‘friends’ he keeps. The novel is punctuated with ominous phone calls and vicious rumours such as â€Å" Somebody told me they thought he killed a man once,† and â€Å"he was aGerman spy during the war.† All of these lead the reader to believe Gatsby is involved in criminal a ctivities. The full details are always kept hidden however as Fitzgerald doesn’t wish u... Free Essays on The Great Gatsby Nick the Neutral Character In today society, many people like to â€Å"go with the flow†. Which mean, it does not matter if things were good or bad, right or wrong, they just follow and do them without any thinking. There are not too many people would like to not go with the flow or be a neutral person that does not take sides. However, in the novel, The Great Gatsby, by Scott Fitzgerald, one of the character name is Nick Carraways, he was the good and neutral narrator. In the novel, he analyzes all of the things with regard to accuracy of observation. In The Great Gatsby, when Mr. Gatsby told Nick he wanted to return the past over again with his lover- Daisy, Nick Carraways warned him to give it up, because it was impossible. Unfortunately, Mr. Gatsby did not believe it. Mr. Gatsby was close but his dream still had not come true because Daisy did not break up with Tom and go with him. It can be seen in the last chapter on the novel, when Gatsby was murdered, Daisy went to somewhere else with her husband, and did not go to Gatsby's funeral. â€Å"I called up Daisy half and hour after we found him, called her instinctively and without hesitation. But she and Tom had gone away early that afternoon, and taken baggage with them.†(172) This proves Nick Carraways's was right but Mr. Gatsby didn’t listen to him. Nick Carraways is always there when there is an interesting situation or good conversation going on. When Nick went to Gatsby's party, he described the drunken lady telling everyone Gatsby killed a man before. â€Å"Somebody told me they thought he killed a man once.†(48) Also, there is another lady said that Gatsby was a German spy. Once Nick got to know Gatsby, he knew all those rumors were false. Gatsby told Nick that was an Oxford man and showed him that fought in World War One. Nick was there with Tom when he visits Myrtle and when he hits her. He was even there at the table when Gatsby told Tom that Da... Free Essays on The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby, written by F.Scott Fitzgerald, is a novel about American lives amongst society in the 1920’s. American lives that are full of limitless possibilities of being everything they dream of. Materialistic values and the power of money mislead the characters throughout this novel. Fitzgerald presents the main character, Jay Gatsby, as a romantic who embodies the American dream. Gatsby only has one motive in being wealthy and that is to win Daisy’s heart. However, he develops into an idealization of the American dream. His outlook on life is full of faith. He lives a lifestyle having nothing to do with life itself but with an illusion of his own reality in pursuit of his perfect dream, Daisy. Gatsby lives a life of unreality almost as a mythical character because he has no private life; he does not participate or know half of his guests present at his parties. It is as though his whole existence is mythical because he drowns himself in his illusion of being the perfect candidate for Daisy. In doing so, Gatsby tries to recapture the past through pursuit of rich and materialistic living that leads to the withering of the American dream throughout the novel. The Great Gatsby exemplifies how materialistic living from day to day is idealistic in pursuit of happiness. The possibilities that life offers are centered on whom have money and what money can buy. Gatsby hosts many large, wild, and costly parties in hopes of having Daisy present at one sooner or later. Gatsby will do anything to have Daisy. He could try to gain her heart by using his charm and romance. Instead, Gatsby has full intentions in regaining Daisy through the most prominent way possible, money. He buys an expensive house and a new yellow car. When Daisy and Gatsby meet for the first time in five years; Gatsby tries to surprise her with his wealth by having piano music in the background and crisp new clothes in his closet, w... Free Essays on The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby Characters in books can reveal the author feeling toward the world. In The Great Gatsby Fitzgerald suggested the moral decline of the period in America history through the interpersonal relationships among his characters. The book indicates the worthlessness of materialism, the futile quest of Myrtle and Gatsby, and how America's moral values had diminished. Despite his newly acquired fortune, Gatsby's monitory means could not afford his only true wish, therefore he cannot buy everything which is important to Daisy. (Fitzgerald, -page 42) What you wish for is not always what you want or not all that glitters is gold. The wild lavishness of Gatsby's parties and the shallowness and purposelessness of the lives of the guests all kills Gatsby on the inside. All Gatsby wants when he chooses to be rich is to get Daisy. Daisy, who is wealthy and beautiful, symbolizes a way of life which is remote from Gatsby's and therefore more attractive because it is out of reach so he changes himself. (Fitzgerald, -page 54) Myrtle and Gatsby both want to be part of the same elite crowd. They play a reflection of each other in the book by wanting the same thing but they have different methods of achieving it. Gatsby wants Daisy, and Myrtle just wants to be higher in society. Gatsby plays the god-like character in this book so his means are good but both him and Myrtle do bad things to get higher in a crowd that will never take them in. To make themselves appear better to the other crowd, they lose some of the moral fiber that was there to begin with. (Fitzgerald, -page 83) Loss of morals in the 1920' in America caused the American dream to vanish. The god-like character of the book was a good person but he did bad things like bootlegging and joining in organized crime. Affairs happened in the elite crowd between Tom and Myrtle. Dishonesty reared its ugly head when Daisy killed Myrtle by running her over then bla...

Dependence of Suppliers on Multimodal Transport Essay

Dependence of Suppliers on Multimodal Transport - Essay Example As the supply chain lengthens and transport distance increases ICs must find more cost effective methods of shipment. In this competitive market, customers expect fast delivery and quality product and services at the lowest price possible. "Trade and transport are inextricably linked: efficient transport services are a prerequisite to successful trading" ("Multimodal "UN 2006, screen 1). To compete, ICs are turning to MTO operators to handle the complexity of logistics required to accomplish timely delivery of the finished product, a marketable product with an economic value to the customer ready to be used without the requirement of further alteration of its form, ("Product" 2005) also the most critical, direct link with the customer. The complexity of international transportation of finished product, goods and services shipped to the end user, has resulted in a lengthening international supply chain (ISC) comprised of economic, technology, social/legal and environment issues and innovations necessary to improve efficiency and effectiveness. (Trienekens et al. 2003). Figure 1 demonstrates an ISC Flow Chart. The main intent of the ISC is the smooth integration of suppliers and customers within one process from raw materials receipt to delivery of finished goods (end user product) to the customer. The continuum of the supply/demand cycle and increased innovations throughout the ISC create a two way dialogue at all stages of the chain increasing efficiency and effectiveness. Figure 1: ISC (Marlow 2004) As seen in Figure 1, the expanded ISC encompasses all process within a company and has further expanded to include vendors and customers all working in tandem: to maximise buying; materials management; production; and shipment to customers. This increased efficiency is accomplished through information sharing and seamless coordination of transportation - land, sea, rail and air, and of storage and handling between each phase of the transportation chain all handled by the MTO. Multimodal transport is the door-to-door service from supplier to customer in another country utilising multiple modes of transportation to effectively and efficiently ensure delivery. ("Multimodal" 2006;"Intermodal" 2006). The Multimodal Transport Operator is "any person whoconcludes a multimodal transport contract and assumes responsibility for the performance of the contract" ("Implementation" 2001, p.5). Critical Analysis: The Inter- Dependence of Finished-Product ISCs and MTOs Companies are relying more and more on MTOs which offer door-to-door service to meet customer needs while coordinating all logistics involved in multimodal use. (Coyle et al. 2003) One factor leading to the development of the MTO was containerisation, placing smaller units inside larger containers for shipment. (Hoyle et al. 1992) The last area to define is the MTO hub, centralized

Sign language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sign language - Essay Example Sometimes, sign is confused with the practice of pantomime, but sign language does not include its environment. This paper aims to review sign language in general. Firstly, the nature of signs will be described. Secondly, the similarities and differences between sign and spoken language will be presented. Finally, a conclusion shall synthesize the main points of the paper. Sign takes place in 3-D space also known as "signing space," which is usually close to the trunk of the body and the head. Signs can be wither one or two-handed. When only one-handed a dominant hand performs the sign, and in two-handed signing, the non-dominant hand comes into play. It has only lately been realized that the non-manual forms of sign are able to effectively express the feelings of the signer (Weaver and Pentland 1). This is similar to verbal speaker's ability to transmit meaning through non-verbal means. However, for signers, non-manual channels are also critical to communicate the grammar of the language. Unfortunately, not much is known as yet about non-manual forms as compared to manual forms, however current research interests into this topic may change this. It is not unusual for a child to learn sign from... Studies have implicated many equivalent learning processes between sign and spoken language learning. Primarily for sign, inflection is of more importance than word positioning. Using a visual-gestic mode for the arrangement of inflexion, sign is very similar to Navajo or Latin language. The hand configuration used in signs means that each sign has numerous parts consisting of; the configuration, place of articulation, orientation, path of movement and non-sign components that include facial expressions (Braem 1). Some sign languages have up to 18-19 handshapes, 24 movements and 12 locations. Visual and kinetic aspects of sign make it difficult or can make it impossible for a person from learning the language from a book, such as its movement aspects. As such, a teacher is required who is more proficient in the language. Hence, a model is required to be observed by the learner, and as it is some of the best teachers are those who originated this language, that is the "deaf and dumb" (Braem 4). There are many common linguistical features to sign languages; these include the extensive use of classifiers, a high level of use of inflection and a topic-comment syntax. Mostly, the linguistical characteristics of sign language are its ability to produce meaning in different areas of the visual field simultaneously. That is, the receiver of the communication may be able to read the meaning of the signs that the hands make, whilst reading the facial expression and the positioning of the body. This is in stark contrast to oral languages, wherein sounds that make up words tend to spoken sequentially, although the use of tone takes exception to this.The body and facial expressions are essential to communication in sign. The